Acropolis Ntawm Athens: Yog Qhia Luv Luv Ntawm Cov Complex

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Acropolis Ntawm Athens: Yog Qhia Luv Luv Ntawm Cov Complex
Acropolis Ntawm Athens: Yog Qhia Luv Luv Ntawm Cov Complex

Video: Acropolis Ntawm Athens: Yog Qhia Luv Luv Ntawm Cov Complex

Video: Acropolis Ntawm Athens: Yog Qhia Luv Luv Ntawm Cov Complex
Video: Афины, Греция: Древний Акрополь и Агора 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Txawm hais tias muaj kev puas tsuaj loj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg ua phem rau Athenian Acropolis, nws tseem xav tsis thoob rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tsim thiab nug cov lus nug: Lawv ua tiav li cas? Piv txwv li, lawv tau txuas lub pob zeb loj loj sib xyaw ua ke yam tsis muaj pob zeb sib khi thiab haum li nruj uas tsis muaj dej nyob rau hauv lawv? Thiab ntau npaum li cas txuas ntxiv cov creation no cia!

Acropolis ntawm Athens
Acropolis ntawm Athens

Acropolis ntawm Athens: yog qhia luv luv ntawm cov complex

Acropolis yog lub npe ntawm cov roob thiab cov ua haujlwm zoo ntawm txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej txheej sau rau ntawm nws. Hauv Greek, kev sau ntawv "Acropolis" zoo li qhov no: "Ακρόπολη". Feem ntau lo lus no tau txhais ua "nroog loj dua", "fortified nroog" lossis tsuas yog "fortress". Thaum xub thawj, lub roob tau siv lub tsev pheeb suab. Tom qab ntawd, muaj lub vaj ntxwv huab tais thiab txawm hais tias, raws li kev ntseeg, cov chaw nyob ntawm Theseus - tus yeej ntawm Cretan dab Minotaur.

Txij thaum thawj lub tuam tsev Athena tshwm rau saum lub roob, nws tau suav tias yog qhov dawb huv. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pob tsuas nqaim uas muaj peb lub phab ntsa ntxhab, lub nroog Athens tau loj hlob tuaj, uas nws lub siab thiab tus ntsuj plig nyob ntawm Acropolis dawb huv. Los ntawm lub roob sab saud, peev ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws pom tau nrawm. Ib yam li los ntawm nroog, cov tsev ntawm Acropolis pom meej meej los ntawm txhua qhov chaw, tom ntej no mus rau cov tsev siab siab uas tau txwv.

Athens thiab Acropolis
Athens thiab Acropolis

Xyoo 1987, Acropolis ntawm Athens tau teev tseg los ntawm UNESCO raws li Lub Chaw Zaj Xov Xwm Ntiaj Teb. Lub koom haum no siv cov duab ntawm Parthenon ua nws cov cim.

UNESCO emblem
UNESCO emblem

Daim duab ntawm Athenian Acropolis raug lees paub txawm tias cov neeg uas tsis tau pom nws nrog lawv tus kheej lub qhov muag. Qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg Greek thaum ub tau tsim nyog los ua txoj kev coj ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws. Tej chaw nyob ntawm ib lub roob siab, muaj pob zeb, thiab muaj toj roob hauv pes tiaj twb tau nyob ze 4000 BC. Cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm ntawm Acropolis, cov kev puas ntsoog uas peb pom tam sim no, tau tsim feem ntau hauv xyoo pua 5 BC. nyob rau hauv tus thawj coj thiab poj Greek Greekmanman Pericles. Nws muaj:

  • Lub Parthenon yog lub tuam tsev tseem ceeb. Ua rau yawm patroness ntawm tus polis, tus vajtswv poj niam Athena.
  • Propylaea - lub ntsiab nkag mus rau Acropolis
  • dav marble staircase
  • Pinakotheku - nyob rau sab laug ntawm Propylaea
  • 12-meter tus pej thuam ntawm Athena Tus Neeg Tshaj Lij, tsim los ntawm sculptor Phidias los ntawm kaus ntxhw thiab kub
  • Niku-Apteros yog lub tuam tsev ntawm lub tuam tsev viav-vias Athena lub Victor nrog ib lub thaj nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm nws. Lub thaj hle tau thim los ntawm cov Turks ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 18th caug xyoo, tab sis xyoo 1935-1936 nws tau rov ua lub thaj
  • Erechtheion yog lub tuam tsev rau Athena thiab Poseidon. Ntawm ib qho ntawm nws cov chaw nres nkoj, hloov ntawm kab ntawv, cov caryatids nto moo tau teeb tsa.
  • sanctuary ntawm Zeus Polieus thiab lwm tus neeg.
Kev npaj Acropolis
Kev npaj Acropolis
Stairs. Propylaea
Stairs. Propylaea

Hauv xyoo II II A. D. e. Herodes Atticus tau tsim tsa lub grandiose Odion Theatre ntawm tus taw ntawm Acropolis.

Tsev ua yeeb yam Odeon
Tsev ua yeeb yam Odeon

Cov kws ua yeeb yam tseem ceeb ntawm Acropolis yog Iktin thiab Callicrates, uas tau txhim tsa Parthenon, thiab Mnesicles, tus tsim ntawm Propylaea. Tus kws tshaj lij Phidias koom nrog kev kho kom zoo nkauj thiab saib xyuas ua ke nrog Pericles.

Phidias
Phidias

Lub tsev Parthenon txhais tias "chav rau cov nkauj xwb." Raws li ib qho ntawm cov kev xav, xaiv cov menyuam ntxhais hauv nws weaved lub teeb hnyav npuag rau peplos - cov poj niam lub tsho tsis muaj hnav nrog ntau lub quav. Lub peplos tshwj xeeb, embroidered nrog tus qauv, tau nthuav tawm rau tus vajtswv poj niam Athena thaum lub sijhawm Panathenaeus - cov kab ke tseem ceeb hauv nws txoj kev hwm.

Athena
Athena

Kev puas tsuaj ntawm Acropolis

Ntau pua xyoo dhau los ntawm Acropolis tau dhau los ua kev kov yeej rov qab los ntawm lwm tus neeg thiab muaj cawv ntawm lwm haiv neeg. Qhov no tau xav txog nws qhov tshwm sim feem ntau tsis yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws. Lub Parthenon yuav tsum tau mus ntsib ib lub tsev teev ntuj Kas Tos Liv thiab cov neeg ntseeg Kas Tos Liv. Nws tseem yog lub khw muag khoom Turkish hmoov, uas tau ua lub luag haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg hauv nws txoj hmoo.

Thaum tsov rog Turkish-Venetian, Cov Turks, cia siab tias cov ntseeg yuav tsis tua ntawm lub tsev, uas tau ua lub tuam tsev Christian ntau pua xyoo, tau tso riam phom rau hauv Parthenon thiab zais cov menyuam thiab poj niam. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 26, 1687, tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog Venetian yuam kom tua cannons rau ntawm lub Acropolis. Tawg tawg ua kom tag nrho rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub monument.

Engraving tawg ntawm Parthenon
Engraving tawg ntawm Parthenon

Tus Acropolis raug kev txom nyem hnyav heev vim muaj neeg tsoo khoom thiab tsis muaj tub sab. Yog li, nyob rau xyoo 1801-1811, tus thawjcoj Askiv ntawm tus thawj coj hauv tebchaws Ottoman, tus Tswv Thomas Elgin, tau coj tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov Greek txheej thaum ub thiab cov khoom tawg paj los ntawm Parthenon mus rau Askiv, thiab tom qab ntawd nws muab nws muag rau lub Tsev khaws puav pheej British.

Rov tsim kho lub Acropolis

Kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev txum tim rov qab tau ua tiav ntawm thaj av Acropolis txij li xyoo 1834. Lawv tau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij thaum xaus ntawm 20 caug xyoo. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tshiab tshiab hauv lub tsev so tau tsim nyob rau hauv Athens. Archaeological pom tshwm sim hauv Acropolis yog nthuav tawm hauv nws txoj kev. Ntawm lawv yog cov tawg tsam ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Parthenon, duab puab, cov nuj nqis ntawm Caryatids, cov mlom ntawm Kor, Kuros thiab Moskhofor (Taurus).

Tsev khaws puav pheej
Tsev khaws puav pheej
Moschophor
Moschophor

Nws yog qhov tsis muaj tseeb kiag li los kho lub monument, tab sis nrog kev pab ntawm cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub, koj tuaj yeem pom nws qhov kev ua tau zoo nrog kev pab ntawm 3D txua dua. Thaum nws khaus, cov qauv ntawm Acropolis, los ntawm cov tuam tsev mus rau cov mlom, tau dai kom zoo nrog cov xim dai kom zoo nkauj. Qhov "Kev Sib Tham Sib Tham ntawm Athenian Acropolis", uas yog qhib rau pej xeem txij thaum Lub Peb Hlis 24, 2018 ntawm Θόλος, tso cai rau koj mus rau hauv koj tus kheej tshiab thiab tib lub sijhawm qub xim ntawm kev muaj tiag ntawm Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws.

Daim duab qhia

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