Archangel Cathedral Ntawm Moscow Kremlin: Lus Piav Qhia, Kos Duab

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Archangel Cathedral Ntawm Moscow Kremlin: Lus Piav Qhia, Kos Duab
Archangel Cathedral Ntawm Moscow Kremlin: Lus Piav Qhia, Kos Duab

Video: Archangel Cathedral Ntawm Moscow Kremlin: Lus Piav Qhia, Kos Duab

Video: Archangel Cathedral Ntawm Moscow Kremlin: Lus Piav Qhia, Kos Duab
Video: Church bells of the Moscow Kremlin. Presentation by a church historian Konstantin Mishurovskiy 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Lub Tuam Tsev Archangel ntawm Moscow Kremlin zoo li lub nkoj loj heev nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog lub me tshaj tawm Annunciation Cathedral sawv rov qab nws nrog zoo siab ci ntsa iab. Yog lawm, thiab lawv lub hom phiaj sib txawv: hauv Kev Tshaj Tawm Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj los ntawm lub sijhawm puag thaum ub, lawv tau ua kev cai raus dej cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg ntawm cov nom tswv thiab tus thawj huab tais, thiab hauv Arkhangelsk lawv tau faus.

Archangel Cathedral ntawm Moscow Kremlin
Archangel Cathedral ntawm Moscow Kremlin

Qhov tseem ceeb dawb ceev ntawm Archangel Cathedral ntawm Moscow Kremlin

Feem ntau, kev sib cais ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj: Arkhangelsk, Annunciation, Assumption, uas teeb tsa lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Thaj Chaw ntawm Kremlin, sau lub tswv yim ntawm Grand Duke Ivan III (1440-1505) thiab nws cov neeg sawv ua tiav los qhia txog lub zog thiab qhov loj ntawm Moscow, kom qhia kev tshwjxeeb ntawm cov huab tais tsis muaj hwj chim. Tab sis Ivan Vasilyevich tsis muaj sijhawm los pom lub tuam tsev monumental ntawm Archangel Cathedral.

Qhov chaw ntawm Archangel Cathedral
Qhov chaw ntawm Archangel Cathedral

Archangel Kremlin Cathedral yog Lavxias lub tsev teev ntuj, dhau qhov kev tsim kho uas tus kws kes duab vajtse los ntawm Venice Aleviz Tshiab tau ua haujlwm txij li xyoo 1505. Lub tuam tsev tau raug fij tseg rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 8, 1508 hauv kev hwm Tus Thawj Archangel Michael. Lub npe tag nrho yog Cathedral ntawm Archangel Michael.

Tus Thawj Archangel Michael yog ib tug ntawm cov tubtxib saum ntuj uas siab tshaj plaws thiab yog tus tseem ceeb tiv thaiv Dab Ntxwg Nyoog thiab kev ua txhaum kev cai. Hauv tsev teev ntuj nws tseem hu ua tus thawj tubtxib saum ntuj, uas txhais tau tias "laus dua kev ua rog, tus thawj coj" ntawm lub Vaj Ntsuj Plig. Nws suav hais tias yog cov nyaum nyeg patron neeg ntawm cov neeg pej xeem nrog-tsev neeg thiab tsev neeg ntawm Romanovs. Archangel Michael yog suav tias yog tus tiv thaiv cov ntsuj plig ntawm cov tuag. Nws ua tus thawj tub rog cov tubtxib saum ntuj, thiab lub tebchaws yog lub ntiaj teb.

Tus thawj ntawm lub tuam tsev tam sim no ntawm Archangel Michael yog lub pob zeb tsev teev ntuj npe tom qab nws, txhim tsa los ntawm Grand Duke Ivan Kalita hauv 1333. Tus tub huabtais bequeathed mus faus nws hauv nws. Nov yog qhov kev lig kev cai ntawm kev faus cov nom tswv hauv Archangel Lub Koom Txoos tau sawv los. Tom qab 172 xyoo, lub tsev teev ntuj no tau raug rhuav tshem, thiab hauv nws qhov chaw siab siab-pob zeb lub tsev teev ntuj, uas peb pom niaj hnub no nyob hauv plawv tsev ntawm Kremlin, tau loj hlob.

Cov qauv ua tsev

Kev tsim kho ntawm Archangel Cathedral tau saib xyuas los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Italian Aleviz Novy, uas tau tswj los ua ke hauv nws cov qauv sab hauv, ib txwm muaj rau cov pawg ntseeg Lavxias, thiab cov tsos ntawm Venetian palazzo, ua tiav los ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj qub hauv tebchaws Russia.

Lub tsev teev ntuj zoo li ob-zaj dab neeg vim yog lub siab ua kom pom ntawm phab ntsa yog pom kev pom tau raug ua ntej ntawm lub pob kws. Qhov qis qis dua yog qhov muaj zog ntau dua, lub sab saud qis dua thiab zoo nkaus li lub teeb thiab huab cua vim los ntawm lub qhov rais ua daim txiag los ntawm cov khoom ntoo.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm Venetian architecture ntawm lub Renaissance, Aleviz tau siv los kho nws lub nroog Moscow. Piv txwv li, nws tau tso ib pawg ntawm cov qhov rai ncig-medallions hauv nruab nrab zakomara ntawm lub ntsej muag sab hnub poob ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, thiab hauv cov zakomaras seem - Italian nyem "plhaub". Nws ua tus ntsa tsev uas dai kom zoo nkauj, thiab nyob sab phab ntsa sab hnub poob nws ua qhov rooj loj thiab qhov rooj loj.

Italian qhov rais
Italian qhov rais
Zakomaras nrog zoo li
Zakomaras nrog zoo li

Cov nruas ntawm tsib tshooj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub pob zeb thiab lub qhov rais nqaim. Txhua lub peev ntawm 35 tus qauv sim ua pob yog suav nrog nws tus kheej lub paj dai kom zoo nkauj.

Lub zog qub tau tom qab tau hloov qee qhov kev hloov. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm John the Baptist tau ntxiv rau lub tuam tsev los ntawm sab qab teb, thiab sab qaum teb, lub tsev teev ntuj mus rau tus tua neeg Huar. Txhua tus nrog nws tus kheej nkag.

Lub hlwb ntawm lub Italian tig mus ua atypical rau txheej txheem txheej thaum ub Lavxias thiab tau ua txhaum cov tuam tsev canon yav dhau los, tab sis dhau sijhawm, nws txoj kev zoo nkauj tau kov yeej txawm tias nws qhov kev thuam tshaj plaws.

Cov duab kos thiab cov cim

Raws li Ivan Vasilievich Qhov txaus ntshai, lub tsev teev ntuj tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov xim txawv. Tus nom tau ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev nthuav tawm tus huab tais raws li Vajtswv tau xaiv tus kav, muab los saum toj no. Ntawm phab ntsa, duab ntawm Moscow princes nrog halos hla lawv lub taub hau yog tsim, tsis hais lawv tau canonized lossis tsis. Ib sab ntawm nws yog nws cov neeg dawb huv.

Yav dhau los, nws yog kev cai los tso cov duab ntawm cov tub rog thiab martyrs rau cov ncej raws li tus ncej ntawm kev ntseeg. Hauv Archangel Cathedral, cov duab ntawm cov tub huabtais tau muab sau rau ntawm cov ncej ntoo.

Nyob hauv lub tsev teev ntuj tam sim no muaj lub cim hagiographic qub ntawm Archangel Michael nrog kev ua, sau ib puag ncig 1410. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, nws sau ntawv yog txuam nrog ntxhais huab tais Evdokia, tus poj ntsuam ntawm Dmitry Donskoy. Ib zaug hauv npau suav, tus thawj tubtxib saum ntuj tau tshwm sim rau nws, tom qab ntawd nws tau xaj lub cim no.

Archangel Michael nrog kev ua
Archangel Michael nrog kev ua

Necropolis

Txij li lub sijhawm ntawm Ivan Kalita, Archangel Cathedral tau dhau los ua tus thawj coj nyob rau ntau qhov chaw. Txhua qhov kev faus tshiab yuav tsum hais txog qhov ua tsis tau thiab ua raws lub zog ntawm Rurikovichs thiab Moscow. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1591, tus xeeb ntxwv kawg kawg ntawm tsev neeg uas tau kav lub teb chaws tuag - Tsarevich Dmitry. Xyoo 1606, nws lub cev tau pauv mus rau qhov ntxa ntawm nws cov poj koob yawm txwv thiab tam sim no suav hais tias yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm Archangel Cathedral.

Cancer ntawm Tsarevich Dimitri
Cancer ntawm Tsarevich Dimitri

Thaum lub sij hawm ntxeem tau ntawm Napoleon, thaum "cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog" Fabkis cov tub rog siv lub cim ntawm lub tuam tsev li lub rooj zaum thiab txaj, qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus tub huab tais ploj. Tom qab, nws tig tawm tias lawv tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm tus pov thawj ntawm Kev Sawv Rov Los, tam sim no defunct, lub tsev teev ntuj.

Tom qab nkag mus, cov Romanovs tau pib txhim tsa lawv cov tombs ncig Dmitry Uglitsky, yog li sim ua kom pom txuas ntxiv. Nyob hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, muaj ib kab ke kev lig kev cai uas tib neeg sau ntawv sau tseg rau ntawm tus huab tais. Zam rau nws, tsis muaj ib tug muaj cai los coj lawv. Hauv qab Petus I, txoj kev cai no tsis muaj lawm. Tab sis txhua tus huab tais tshiab, tom qab nws ua tshoob rau lub nceeg vaj hauv Assumption Cathedral, tau mus rau Arkhangelsk, qhov twg nws tau nyo rau nws txiv lub ntxa.

Qhov kawg uas tau muab faus ntawm no yog tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Peter Great, kaum plaub-xyoo-Peter Peter xyoo 1730.

Cov faus neeg cov txheej txheem yog teem rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim tshwj xeeb: cov neeg tseem ceeb Moscow tus tub huab tais cais ntawm cov chaw cia siab, leej twg poob rau kev txaj muag lossis leej twg tuag yuam kev deb ntawm lwm tus.

Necropolis ntawm Archangel Cathedral
Necropolis ntawm Archangel Cathedral

Cov ntxa zeb ntawm Ivan Qhov kev txaus ntshai nrog nws cov tub Ivan thiab Fyodor tau nyob hauv nyias lub thaj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj.

Sarcophagi ntawm Ivan Terrible thiab nws cov tub
Sarcophagi ntawm Ivan Terrible thiab nws cov tub

Lavxias lub tswv yim duchesses, thiab tom qab tsarinas, tau faus rau hauv Ascension Cathedral, nrhiav tau los ntawm tus huab tais pious Evdokia. Nws tus kheej yog thawj ntawm Lavxias tus poj huab tais tau faus rau hauv nws hauv 1407. Ascension Monastery tau rhuav tshem thaum xyoo 1929. Lub sarcophagi nrog cov seem ntawm cov poj niam qib siab tau cawm thiab tsiv mus rau hauv qab daus ntawm Archangel Cathedral.

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