Tshaj Tawm Cathedral Ntawm Moscow Kremlin: Keeb Kwm, Piav Qhia, Cim Thiab Duab Kos

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Tshaj Tawm Cathedral Ntawm Moscow Kremlin: Keeb Kwm, Piav Qhia, Cim Thiab Duab Kos
Tshaj Tawm Cathedral Ntawm Moscow Kremlin: Keeb Kwm, Piav Qhia, Cim Thiab Duab Kos

Video: Tshaj Tawm Cathedral Ntawm Moscow Kremlin: Keeb Kwm, Piav Qhia, Cim Thiab Duab Kos

Video: Tshaj Tawm Cathedral Ntawm Moscow Kremlin: Keeb Kwm, Piav Qhia, Cim Thiab Duab Kos
Video: Moscow Kremlin 2024, Tej zaum
Anonim

Nyob rau hauv txhua qhov kev tswj hwm ntawm txhua tus Lavxias, Grand Grand Duke ntawm Moscow Ivan III Vasilievich, kev tsim kho sai tau pib ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Kremlin. Cov neeg txawj ntse Italian tuaj txog hauv tebchaws Russia ntawm kev caw ntawm tus tub huabtais rau kev tsim kho ntawm ntau lub tsev, suav nrog cov tuam tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, peb-domed Annunciation Cathedral tau tsa los ntawm Lavxias masters los ntawm Pskov - Krivtsov thiab Myshkin, uas ua haujlwm ntawm nws tsim los ntawm 1484 txog 1489.

Kremlin Cathedral ntawm Tshaj Tawm
Kremlin Cathedral ntawm Tshaj Tawm

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim lub Kremlin Cathedral ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm

Lub Tsev Kawm hu ua Annunciation Cathedral, vim hais tias tom qab ua tiav nws qhov kev tsim kho, Metropolitan Gerontius tau fij nws rau hauv kev ua noj ua haus ntawm kev tshaj tawm ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm Lub Siab Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij. Nws tsis tau teeb tsa los ntawm kos. Yav dhau los, muaj lub tsev teev ntuj ntoo ua lub tsev los ntawm Alexander Nevsky, tub huab tais Andrey, hauv nws lub mev. Tom qab ntawd nws tau hloov los ua lub tuam tsev pob zeb. Nws tau pom zoo rau qhov tseeb tias qhov kev pleev xim hauv nws tau ua los ntawm lub icon neeg pleev kob Andrei Rublev. Tom qab lub tuam tsev no, tseem muaj ib lub pob zeb ntxiv, thiab tsuas yog tam sim no sawv tam sim no Annunciation Cathedral tau txhim tsa. Tab sis tom qab ua tiav ntawm kev tsim kho nws zoo li txawv, vim tias tom qab Ivan III, txhua tus tub huabtais tom qab tau nws tus kheej txoj kev koom tes rau qhov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj.

Yog li, xyoo 1508, Vaj Ntxwv Vasily III Ivanovich tau xaj kom muab cov ntawv saum toj thiab kos cov cim ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj nrog nyiaj thiab kub, thiab pleev xim phab ntsa.

Hauv qab Ivan IV Lub Thaj Tsam txaus ntshai, peb-lub tsev teev ntuj los ua cuaj-domed: lub tsar ntxiv plaub lub tsev teev ntuj me me nyob rau ntawm cov ces kaum, ntxiv ob lub tsev thiab npog tag nrho cov tsev nrog gilded tooj liab los xij. Yog li no, lub tuam tsev tshaj lij ntawm Tshaj Tawm tau pib hu ua "Golden Domed". Kab ke, cuaj tshooj piv txwv txog cov duab ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv. Qhov niaj hnub saib ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau hloov hauv lub caij nyoog ntawm Ivan IV Vasilievich. Yav tom ntej, lub tuam tsev raug kho dua tshiab, npog nrog cov duab tha xim thiab dai kom zoo rau txhua txoj hauv kev, uas tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb cuam tshuam rau sab nraud contours ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj.

Yog li Fyodor Ioanovich tau teeb tsa tus ntoo khaub lig golden rau ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub tuam tsev. Tom qab ntawd, Napoleon Bonaparte tab tom nrhiav tus ntoo khaub lig no rau ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Kremlin, tab sis thaum kawg, es tsis txhob, nws tau tso ib qho gilded los ntawm lub tswb ntaug ntawm Ivan the Great.

Kev saib xyuas ntawm cov kav hais txog Kev Tshaj Tawm lub Tsev Teev Ntuj yog vim muaj qhov tseeb tias nws yog thawj lub tsev teev ntuj. Ua ntej tshaj plaws rau cov yawg koob, thiab tom qab ntawd rau cov vaj ntxwv. Ntawm no lawv tau thov Vajtswv, ua kev cai raus dej cov menyuam, tau sib yuav. Yog li ntawd, kom muaj kev yooj yim ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm tus kav xwm ntawm tsev neeg los ntawm cov chaw nyob mus rau lub tuam tsev, ib lub phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau ua nyob ib sab ntawm tus huab tais lub tsev.

Lub hauv paus rau ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj sawv yog lub hauv av siab siab txij puag thaum xyoo pua mus. Tej zaum, lub tuam txhab nyiaj txiag hauv tuam txhab tau khaws cia rau hauv.

Nyob rau hauv lub kiv puag ncig Kaum ib hlis 1917, lub tsev teev ntuj tuaj hauv qab lub tsev tua hluav taws. Tom qab ntawv "Grozny" lawj raug puas ntsoog los ntawm lub plhaub.

"Grozny" qab khav ntawm Annunciation Cathedral

Ntawm ib sab ntawm tus Moskva River (los ntawm sab qab teb), ib daim npog zoo nkauj uas muaj cov pob zeb dawb dai rau ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, ib zaug qhov tsis txaus ntseeg Ivan Qhov Kev txaus ntshai ntawm qhov khav no pom ib lub pob zeb loj saum ntuj, uas, zoo li nws zoo li nws, yog tus ntoo khaub lig. Nws txiav txim siab tias qhov no yog kos npe los ntawm saum toj no, uas tau kwv yees nws lub sijhawm tuag sai sai. Lub sijhawm luv luv tom qab tau muaj kev tshwm sim saum ntuj ceeb tsheej, Ivan the Terrible tuag rau lub Peb Hlis 28, 1584.

Kev tuag ntawm Ivan Qhov Kev Txaus ntshai
Kev tuag ntawm Ivan Qhov Kev Txaus ntshai

Los ntawm cov lawj no, tus kav qaum ntuj tawg ri niab nyiaj thiab tau mus rau lub Tuam Tsev Ze Archangel uas nyob sib ze ntawm lub vaj me me, mus rau hauv uas lub qab khav qhib.

Grozny qab khav
Grozny qab khav

Sab hauv ntawm Annunciation Cathedral

Pob zeb portals ntawm lub tuam tsev yog framed los ntawm ob kab. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, qhov chaw nkag tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub pob zeb los ntawm cov kws txawj tub rog Italian, thiab qhov kawg ntawm xyoo pua puv 19 - nrog cov duab tha xim.

Western portal
Western portal

Sab hauv phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog them nrog frescoes ntaus nqi rau kev txhuam hniav ntawm cov tub Dionysius thiab sau hnub tim rau 1508. Tab sis thaum xyoo 1980s, kev tshaj tawm txog cov duab kos tau ua tiav, thiab tom qab ntawd tau tawm tswv yim tias cov duab tha xim tom qab hluav taws kub loj hauv 1547 hauv Moscow. Ntxiv nrog rau kev hais txog biblical thiab festive, xav tsis thoob, cov ntawv sau tseg piav qhia txog cov neeg tsis ntseeg tus uas ntseeg ua ntej Khetos.

Ntxiv nrog rau cov phab ntsa, xim yog kos rau hauv pem teb txawv txawv, ua los ntawm cov nplais silicon me me nrog daim ntawm agate thiab jasper. Muaj cov lus dab neeg uas nthuav tawm: cov vuas tsev hauv av tau coj los ntawm Rostov Great los ntawm kev taw qhia ntawm Ivan Lub Thaj Chaw Loj, thiab lawv tau tuaj txog ntawm Byzantium. Qhov tseeb, cov lus qhia hauv pem teb tau tsim ib puas xyoo tom qab - nyob nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 17, tsis nyob nruab nrab ntawm 16th.

Pem Teb ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Tawg
Pem Teb ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Tawg

Icons

Lub siab iconostasis muaj rau 6 kab thiab muaj txog li ib puas tus cim kev ua tau zoo, feem ntau ntawm 14th-17th centuries. Qhov txheej hauv qab, raws li kab ke, hu ua hauv zos, nws yog tib qho uas mus rau qhov chaw nyob sib ze, sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb, phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Saum toj no nws yog pyadnichny. Qhov thib peb yog qhov deesis. Qhov thib plaub yog festive. Saum toj no nws yog tus yaj saub. Lub sab saum toj, thib plaub kab yog kev ua ntej leej txiv. Cov cim ntawm lub cim ntawm lub dav thiab ntawm cov kab ua si yog suav tias yog cov cim qub ua muaj sia.

Iconostasis
Iconostasis

Hauv Cov Tsev Kawm Ntawv Tshaj Tawm tau muaj cov npe ntawm lub cim ntawm Donskoy Niam ntawm Vajtswv, uas, raws li cov lus dab neeg, Sergius ntawm Radonezh foom koob hmoov rau Dmitry Donskoy rau Kev sib ntaus sib tua Kulikovo. Ua ntej lub cim hauv 1552, Ivan Vasilyevich Qhov Kev Ua Phem tau thov Vajtswv kawg siab, leej twg npaj phiaj xwm tawm tsam Kazan. Txij xyoo 1930, lub cim, xav pleev xim los ntawm Theophanes lub Greek, tau muab khaws cia hauv Tretyakov Gallery.

Icon ntawm Donskoy Niam ntawm Vajtswv
Icon ntawm Donskoy Niam ntawm Vajtswv

Tam sim no lub xeev ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj

Cov kev pabcuam Divine hauv lub tsev teev ntuj tau coj mus txog thaum tsoomfwv Soviet los ntawm Petrograd tsiv mus rau Kremlin los ntawm Petrograd thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1918. Lub Xya Hli 20, 1955, lub tsev cia puav pheej tau qhib hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, thiab txij xyoo 1993, cov kev pabcuam txhua xyoo tau rov pib dua rau lub tsiab peb caug ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Feem Ntau Tshaj Tawm Theotokos thiab tshwj xeeb sijhawm.

Archaeological exhibition tam sim no yog teeb tsa nyob rau hauv qab daus ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Nws qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm Borovitsky Hill. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom muaj nqis pom hauv xyoo 19-20 nyob hauv Kremlin. Kev ncig xyuas virtual ntawm kev nthuav qhia "Treasures thiab Antiquities ntawm Moscow Kremlin" tuaj yeem nrhiav ntawm cov nom lub vev xaib ntawm Kremlin tsev cia puav pheej.

Yuav ua li cas mus rau Kremlin Cathedral ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm

Lub tsev teev ntuj tuaj yeem nkag mus thaum lub sijhawm qhib teev ntawm Moscow Kremlin tsev cia puav pheej txij 9: 30-18:00 teev. Daim pib qhib chaw ua haujlwm qhib ib nrab teev ua ntej thiab kaw ib teev ua ntej kaw. Hnub So - Thursday.

Daim pib chaw ua haujlwm nyob hauv Alexander Garden. Nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws tau mus rau lawv ntawm ko taw los ntawm Borovitskaya metro noj, Biblioteka im. Lenin "thiab" Alexander Vaj Tsev ".

Ncig tebchaws
Ncig tebchaws

Koj tuaj yeem xaj kev taug kev nyob hauv chav lis haujlwm, uas qhib xya hnub ib lim tiam txij 9:00 txog 17:00 teev:

8 495 695-41-46

8 495 697-03-49

Nws yog tau los yuav daim pib online

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